مجله سلامت و سالمندی خزر
سال سوم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

Coping strategies play an important role in reducing stress and as a result the general health of individuals. The purpose of this study was to identify coping strategies with stress and associated factors in nursing staff working in health centers of Guilan province. This article is part of a larger analytical-cross sectional study in which 318 people were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. The research tool was coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS) questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics (T-test and ANOVA) was applied to analyze the data using SPSS19. Most of the samples (41.2%) were in the age group of 31-40 years and the majority of them were female (94%), married (73.3%) and BSc (94.7%). In relation to coping strategies, personnel primarily used task -oriented strategy (M±SD 47.71 ± 7.88) and then with a partial difference used avoidant strategy (M±SD 47.09 ± 7.99). There was a significant relationship between coping strategies and demographic characteristics such as age, marital status and work experience (P <0.05). According to the findings of this study, coping strategies are affected by some demographic characteristics such as age, marital status and work experience. Awareness of this result can be considered by the managers to provide context for effective coping strategies to reduce stress and increase the health of nurses by planning and providing the necessary arrangements.

Sexual satisfaction is an important part of well-being of women; therefore, identifying the factors that affect it is necessary. The present study aims to investigate the role of individual characteristics as predictors of sexual satisfaction in women. In this descriptive-correlation study, statistical population was all of the married women who lived in area 7 of Mashhad. 200 women were selected by available sampling method. In this study, women sexual satisfaction questionnaire and demographic characteristics questionnaire were used. Also the data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis by used SPSS software. Findings indicate that correlation coefficients between individual characteristics including age, age disparity, marriage time length, number of children and education with sexual satisfaction were significant (p<0.01). Stepwise multiple regression analyses yielded of the five independent variables, only two variables of education and age disparity found permit entry into the regression equation (P<.0001). Findings indicate the important of individual characteristics as predictors of women sexual satisfaction. Also, considering the two variables of education and the age disparity, were recommended in examining the sexual incompatibility.

Today, persons 60 years and older are the fastest growing age group in the world which can affect the quality of life of related to elderly people in the twenty-first century in developed countries. The aim of this study was to determine the factors on the elderly's quality of life in Sarayan City, in 2018. In this descriptive-analytic research,123 elderly people were selected using the available sampling method and according to the characteristics of the units under study. Data were collected using two-part standard questionnaire (SF12). Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistical tests, (T-test, correlation coefficient) using SPSS 20. The mean age of the subjects was 64.82 ± 5.38 years. Among them, 87.8, 39.8 and 11.4% were persons married, illiterate as well as diploma and higher education, respectively. The total score of elderly's quality of life was 33.13 (± 5.70). Mean score of quality of life was 34.50±5.58 and 31.60±5.48 in men and women, respectively. There was significant difference in the mean quality of life score in men compared to women (p<0.005). The results have shown that the elderly have average quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to pay proper attention to planning to maintain and enhance the quality of life related to the elderly.

Loneliness is an important factor in the occurrence or strengthening of other disorders in aging period. Malnutrition is a very common clinical disorder risk factor in elderly people and its complications increase the risk of mortality in the elderly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between loneliness and nutritional status in aging period via literature review. In this study, a simple review was carried out by searching in data bases of SCOPUS, PUBMED, PROQUEST, SCIENCE DIRECT, ISC, IRANDOC and MAGIRAN with the key words of " Loneliness, Malnutrition, Nutritional status" alongside with the words "Elderly old, Aging, Old adult" with time limitation, from 2000 to the present. Some studies have reported the loneliness as one of the factors affecting malnutrition in terms of weight loss and slimming in the elderly, while others have expressed loneliness as an effective factor in obesity and overweight in the elderly. Many studies confirm that both elderly groups (overweight and underweight) increase the relative death risk in the elderly (aged 65-74). The risk of malnutrition among the elderly is associated with reduced appetite, decreased functional status and increased psychosocial problems. Therefore, regular assessment of nutritional status and its effective factors, adjustment of training courses for health workers (physicians, nurses, psychologists and nutritionists) is essential to identify and reduce the clinical, functional, social or economic risk factors for malnutrition.

The role of nursing managers is crucial for the success of health care organizations. Due to the complexity of roles and workloads, they have considerable job stress. The majority of studies have examined the role of stress and coping with it in nursing staff. However, research on the topic of stress in nursing managers is rare. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the status of occupational stress between nursing managers and nurses working in the wards. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 318 nursing staff (261 nurses, 34 head nurses, 16 supervisors and 7 matrons), including nursing managers and nurses working in health centers of Guilan province, who were selected using multistage cluster sampling. The research instrument was Hospital Occupational Stress Questionnaire (HSS-35). The questionnaire consists of 35 items and 11 subscales. Data were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS 19. The results showed that the majority of the samples in all groups had moderate stress. There was no statistically significant relationship between stress levels in different groups of managers and nurses working in wards (P = 0.74, F=0.41). It was remarkable that supervisors had moderate stress compared to other groups (87.5%). The severity of stress was higher in matrons (28.6%) than other groups. Despite the emphasis of various studies on the attention of managers of organizations to stress among nursing staff, the results of the study indicate that nursing managers have more stress. Therefore, there is a need for planning of stress reduction in all nursing groups (including managers and nurses working in the wards).

Meaning of life in the final stage of the life cycle as an integrated stage against disappointment can affect the mental and physical health of elderly people; therefore, the aim of this study was to discover the effective components in the transition from the crisis of meaning among elderly persons to identify the aspects of this issue in order to prevent and grow the necessary actions. In line with the aim of the research, the required information was obtained through a qualitative approach and the method of the basic theory by using purposeful sampling and at each stage, taking into account the analysis of previous data from the seventeen men and women who were willing to complete the interview. The findings of this study included the main components of birth, personality type, integrated emotional communication, regaining social status and spirituality as facilitators of the transition from the age-old crisis of meaning to the related sub-components. According to the results of this research, the presence of factors of birth, personality type, integrated emotional communication, regaining social status and spirituality can facilitate the passage of the person in the age-old crisis of meaning. Considering the problems and issues of the elderly people lacking the meaning of life, the results of the current study indicated the importance of this process from the perspective of therapists and consultants. Of course, the cultural and personal differences should be paid attention in the course of treatment.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women, which is associated with age. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer can lead to disease progression, ultimately increase mortality and reduce survival rates in patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interval from the onset of the first sign of breast cancer to start of treatment in patients with breast cancer during 2009-2014. In this retrospective descriptive-analytic study, 100 women were selected using census method. Data were collected from the patients' medical records and documents using a checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 through descriptive (Mean and standard deviation, frequency) and analytical (Chi-square) tests. The significance level was considered p<0/05. Based on the results, the first sign was breast mass in 61% of the patients. In 39% of patients, the first physician to whom the patients referred was a general surgeon. In 71% of cases, the interval from the onset of the first sign to referral to the physician was less than 3 months and in 29% of patients was more than 3 months. Moreover, in 84% of patients, the time interval from referral to physician to diagnosis was less than 1 month. The interval from diagnosis to surgical treatment in 86 % and from final surgical treatments to chemotherapy in 87% of patients was less than 1 month. There was no statistically significant relationship between patients' demographic characteristics and patient and health care system delays (p> 0.05). Considering the 47% delay of patient in the referral process to the physician, it seems that women's education on breast cancer screening methods should be emphasized. In addition, due to the growing trend of age-related cancer, the special screening programs for women especially in elderly age should be developed and implemented.

Aging is associated with diminished sleep quality and quantity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sleep hygiene education (SHE) on sleep quality among elderly women. This limited randomized clinical trial was conducted on 61 elderly woman divided into intervention (n= 30) and control (n=31) groups. For intervention group, five 40-minute training sessions were held Moreover, a questionnaire consisting of demographic information, PSQI, ESS, AMT and ADL was completed for both groups. Sleep quality was assessed before and after the intervention using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 16 with T- test, Paired t-test, Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results indicated that there was no significant difference between two groups (control-intervention) in the sleep quality before training, but a significant difference was found between these two groups after training. Therefore, education has affected the quality of sleep (P=0.007). According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that SHE has led to an increase of sleep quality in the elderly women. Therefore, these methods can be trained to Health Center staff, nurses, patients and their companions to promote the sleep quality.