A Critisim and Analysis of Using the Word "book" in Quran's Verses in Orientalist's View

In this article, first the word "book" is defined according to Quran and dictionary. Then the opinions of some orientalists regarding this subject, such as Daniel Madigan in the first volume of Leiden's Encyclopedia of the Quran, Charles J. Adams in the twelfth volume of the encyclopedia of religion, and Richard Bell in the book "An Introduction to Quran" are explained. Daniel Madigan considers a direct connection between the concepts of "book", "science", "power" and "Divine revelation" and has used some Quranic verses to prove this idea. Adams believes a sort of change and perfection in the understanding of Prophet (peace be upon him) regarding the revelation which has been maximized by the idea of book. But Richard Bell believes that the word "book" is usually used in chapters that are descended in the final part of the life of Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) and has named this time the period of book. In this article, their views will be reported, criticized, elaborated and analyzed.