Typology of Shamlu's Antagonism: A Phenomenological Study

One of the forms of being is to think and create antagonism in resistance to the Other. Antagonism is the (mis) reading of the action and structure of the thoughts of the other. One of the most evident phenomenological aspects of the modern Persian poem is creation of opposition. Shamlu’s works are the best example of such oppositional discourses. Through this methodology، not only he reaches new structures in his poetry، but also he expands this method to his other cultural activities. This paper has two parts. The first part presents a phenomenological definition of antagonism and how it is formed by opposition، dialogue، and enmity and how it results in creation of linguistic، cultural، and aesthetic structures. In the second part، the typology of Shamlu’s antagonistic discourse has been studied based on these assumptions. The paper concludes that Shamlu has four kinds of oppositions: reversality، myth making، playing with structure، and breaking the taboos