Study on the Geographical Distribution of Housing Poverty and Scattered Divorced Housewives in 22 Zones of Tehran

Simultaneous with the bodily growth of Tehran metropolis, some of the important factors have led to the growth of poverty and lack of accessibility to housing by different social group especially low-income people. Some of these pertinent factors are: contradiction between housing, urban and regional planning; limitation of executing power of governments due to disharmony between dwelling programs and policies regarding housing provision; lack of cooperation in housing plan based on policy initiatives and whole socio-economic plans especially planning of birth control as well as guidance of migration; limitation of governmental financial resources in solving housing problems of low-income group, confronting with this problem and majority of them are included in the needy category; and housing schemes by private agencies for the high-income group who already enjoy high purchasing power.Importance of its subject, i.e. chaotic frameworks and their relation with poverty is in the ratio of slums and number of divorced women has increased enormously in the last few years. The problem that may be propounded here is that what type of relationship does exist between geographical distribution of slums and scattered percentage of divorced housewives in 22 zonal units of Tehran? in this research by using 1996 census, poverty in 22 zones of Tehran has been studied on the basis of two indicators i.e. percentage of divorced housewives and percentage of families with four people to above living in one room, and then with the help of GIS software, their map has been drawn. Findings show that ratio of married housewives to the total married women are equal to 86 percent whereas ratio of divorced housewives is 47 percent to the total divorced women. In other words, divorced women are less than married housewives. Similarly, findings indicate that zones 11, 13, and 21 are placed in the list of less congested zones, from the point of view of the concentration of divorced housewives to the total divorced women. In zones 11 and 13, due to the establishment of administrative and service center and in zone 21 due to industrial and workshop establishment, employment opportunity is available for divorced women. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, and 22 are included in the list of average zones that are scattered in different parts of the city. However 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 9, and 12 are the highest congested zones as far as divorced housewives are concerned. In other words, the above mentioned zones have the highest percentage of divorced housewives.According to the acquired data, two indicators have come out i.e. “percentage of family of four and more living in one room” as a criteria for housing poverty; and “percentage of divorced housewives in the zones located in central and south Tehran” have more concentration than the rest of the zonal units. With due attention to the present research findings, one of the important ways to eliminate poverty and deprivation, is the governmental interference in housing security as well as special attention towards suitable housing construction for the low-income groups with the emphasis on divorced housewives. Because, entrusting the housing problem to the private sectors/agencies bring the cost extensively high and as such restrict the accessibility of low income family to find a suitable dwelling. As a whole, low-income groups, due to the lack of savings, even are incapable of utilizing banking credit and facilities.