The Utopian Thought: Failure or Success to Step in the Ideal World

The most important and fundamental yet hidden concept in Nima’s Manli and Shamlu’s Roxana is the belief in an ideal world beyond the reach of the real world as well as the existence of a pessimistic and loathsome attitude towards the real world and also the efforts to create and evoke a world full of serenity and success, so that one lives away from the turbulence, instability, pain, fever and fret of this world. Since Nima was influenced by the 19th century French Symbolism, it can be concluded that he, also, was under the influence of Transcendental Symbolism as it is reflected in some of his poems dealing with the ideal world and transcendental symbols. This article is a comparative study trying to highlight the similarities of the aforementioned poems. It attempts to show how both Shamlu and Nima look at the real world and how they portray their belief in an ideal world in their poems. This article probes the background of this belief and the reasons behind it. It tries to show how Nima hopefully and resolutely steps in his utopian world while Shamlu, who was suspicious of it, fails to go beyond the realistic world, despite his efforts.