Craniomaxillofacial bone tissue engineering: A review on growth factors

Currently autografts are gold standards for craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration. But autografts have some limitations. Bone tissue engineering has been introduced to overcome these limitations. It consist three components: stem cells، growth factor، and scaffold. Scaffold provides an environment for bone growth and simplifies cell adhesion، differentiation and proliferation. In this review، application of natural، synthetic and composite scaffolds in animal and human studies were described. Based on this review، autografts are still gold standards for bone regeneration. However، it seems that recent advances in technology of designing scaffolds would help designing more appropriate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering in near future.