Evaluation of genetic and geographical diversity of garlic (Allium sativum L.) ecotypes of Iran using ISSR and M13 molecular markers

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) as one of the most valuable industrial and pharmaceutical plants has been studied from many aspects because of its importance. But there is not any sufficient and reliable information about its distribution and classification. So its types are categorized according to traditional، local or geographical names or some visual traits. The most important reason is the sterility of garlic and its flowering inability. This study، as the first report of using ISSR and M13 markers on Iranian garlic ecotypes، was performed to evaluate the genetic diversity and relationship and distinguish the repetitious clones among populations from Iran. According to our results، 26 studied clones were categorized as 24 different genotypes with a possibility of classifying them into four groups coincide with their geographical gathering zone. Group one contains ecotypes from north and western North of Hamadan province and group two contains clones from west and south west of Hamadan province، central، east and south east of Iran. Sample from Ahvaz was the only member of group three and ecotypes from North and eastern north of Iran formed group four.