Migration, living on the outskirts and its effects on city safety,

After some decades of the enforcement of development programmes in the developing countries, overpopulation in the cities was the first sign of the problems concerning city programming. Following the ever-increasing of the ingress into cities especially from the rural areas, migration and living on the outskirts became the two undifferentiated phenomena of city problems. The present study tries to define the migration from the rural areas and living on the outskirts and meanwhile analyse the community social-economical characteristics of the families in the community centers of the outskirts of Birjand (i.e. Javadieh, Laborers, and Moosabne Jafar districts). The method of the study is descriptive-analytical and the way of data collection is predicative-mensurative. The statistical population was 6902 families living in the three districts and the sample size through multistage sampling was 327 families. In the analysis of the findings of the study descriptive statistics and inference statistics especially correlation coefficient and X2 were used. The results indicate that the primary origin of most of the immigrations to the outskirts (i.e. 64.1%) is the rural areas. The small-scale literacy and high level of unemployment and imbalance of income distribution, too, are the most important social-economical peculiarities of the sample size in the research.