Assessment of correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokine (Interleukin-1 α, β) gene polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis

Periodontal diseases are multifactorial conditions that are induced in the presence of bacteria and under the influence of environmental and genetic factors. Management of environmental factors might help prevent such diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between interleukin-1α، β gene polymorphism and chronic periodontitis (CP). This case-control study included 36 subjects with chronic periodontitis referred to Periodontology Department of Khorasgan Dental School and 36 periodontally healthy controls، with an ethnic origin of Isfahani Iranian race. Extracted DNA from peripheral blood was used to evaluate interleukin-1α، β gene polymorphism. Data were analyzed using chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests (α=0. 05). There was a significant association between IL-1α -889، 2/2 genotype and CP and between IL-1α -889 allele and periodontal health (p value = 0. 03). There was no significant association between IL-1β +3954 genotype and CP (p value = 0. 14). There was no significant association between IL-1β +3954 alleles and CP (p value = 0. 06). Based on the results of the present study، association between IL-1α -889 polymorphism in the population presented here confirms this gene as a risk factor for CP. However، the lack of any association between IL-1β +3954 polymorphism and CP makes it dubious to use this gene as a marker of susceptibility to CP.