Effects of Some Heavy Metals Application on Seed Germination and In Vitro Regeneration of Bermudagrass

Heavy metals are one of the most important environmental pollutants among dangerous pollutants. Turfgrasses are as lowest surface of landscape and close to these pollutant particles. Thus، they could absorb these mentioned pollutants. In this work، the effects of heavy metals including essential ones such as copper and zinc and non-essential such as silver (in two forms of silver nitrate and nanoparticles) on seed germination stage and callus regeneration in In Vitro of Bermudagrass were investigated. The metals concentrations which used were 0، 5، 10، 15 and 20 mg/L. The results showed that zinc and copper have important role on seed germination and somatic embryogenesis of Bermudagrass. Application of silver nitrate stimulated the adventitious rooting induction of calli and radicle growth in seed germination. Further، the toxicity effects of silver nanoparticles were evident in all stages of growth and development in In Vivo and In Vitro of Bermudagrss.