Effect of Cattle Manure Application, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Different Phosphrous Levels on Yield and Essence Components of Trachyspermum Ammi L.

In order to study the effects of different phosphorus levels، animal manure and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on yield and yield components of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) a field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Shahid Chamran University in 2010-2011. Trial study was carried out as three ways which assigned as randomized completed block design (RCBD) with three replications. Animal manure at the three levels (M1=0، M2=15 and M3=30 tone/ha) were first factor، different phosphorus fertilizers at the three levels (P1=0، P2=75 and P3=150 kg/ha) were the second factor and the third one were the phosphate solubilizing bacteria at two levels (no bacteria and with bacteria). The result showed that the essential oil percent increased with increasing of animal manure levels and with phosphate solubilizing bacteria. The highest oil yield (1. 04%) and the lowest one (0. 83%) were related to P1B2M1 and P1B2M3 fertilizer treatments. The most important essential oil fractions such as Thymol (73. 99%)، Gamaterpinene (12. 1%) and Paracymene (10. 32%) were occurred under the plants which received 15 tones/ha of animal manure without receiving neither phosphorus fertilizer nor phosphate solubilizing bacteria. But similar essential oil fractions of Thymol (78. 38%)، Gamaterpinene (10. 9%) and Paracymene (7. 46%) were accumulated in the plants which treated with 75 kg/ha of phosphorus fertilizer without application of animal manure and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. The founding information''s in the present study were elucidated that with increasing of animal manure levels and application of phosphate solubilizing bacteria increased essential oil yield. Whereas، the major essential oil components such as Gamaterpinene and Thymol had not affected by those treatments but the Thymol was decreased in the plants.