An Analysis of Factual and External Propositions as Conjunctive and Conditional

Some contemporary logicians have formulated factual and external propositions as being a conjunction and a conditional respectively in the scope of a quantifier, which makes many rules of ancient logic invalid. The present study aims to show that if, according to the analysis of the contemporary logicians, the conjunctive and the conditional which appear in the scope of a quantifier are placed before a quantifier (that is if we bound new formulae in modern logic to their subjects through a conjunctive or a conditional) most rules of ancient logic will hold for all external propositions though they will not hold in most cases for factual propositions. Based on this formulation, to restrict the rules of ancient logic to external propositions will become extremely significant. Though not claiming to be in full compliance with the mind set of great Avicennian logicians, this new formulation of factual and external propositions is somewhat in harmony with the rules of ancient logic and is faced with fewer problems compared to the formulation of some contemporary logicians.