Radiofrequency Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Technique in Patients with Mitral Valve Surgery and Left Atrial Reduction Procedures

About half of all patients who undergo mitral valve surgery suffer from atrial fibrillation (AF). Cox described the surgical cut-and-sew Maze procedure, which is an effective surgical method but has some complications. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a substitution method of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for patients undergoing mitral valve surgery with AF. We evaluated 50 patients, comprising 40 men and 10 women at a mean age of 61.8 ± 7.5 years, who underwent mitral valve surgery with RFA between March 2010 and August 2013. All the patients had permanent AF with an enlarged left atrium (LA). The first indication for surgery was underlying organic lesions. Mitral valve replacement or repair was performed in the patients as a single procedure or in combination with aortic valve replacement or coronary artery bypass grafting. Radiofrequency energy was used to create continuous endocardial lesions mimicking most incisions and sutures. We evaluated the pre- and postoperative LA size, duration of aortic cross-clamping, cardiopulmonary bypass time, intensive care unit stay, and total hospital stay. The mean preoperative and postoperative LA sizes were 7.5 ± 1.4 cm and 4.3 ± 0.7 cm (p value = 0.0001), respectively. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time and the aortic cross-clamping time were 134.3 ± 33.7 min and 109.0 ± 28.4 min, respectively. The average stay at the intensive care unit was 2.1 ± 1.2 days, and the total hospital stay was 8.3 ± 2.4 days. Rebleeding was the only complication, found in one patient. There was no early or late mortality. Eighty-two percent of the patients were discharged in normal sinus rhythm. Five other patients had normal sinus rhythm at 6months'' follow-up, and the remaining 4 patients did not have a normal sinus rhythm after 6 months. Radiofrequency ablation, combined with LA reduction, is an effective option for the treatment of permanent AF concomitant with mitral valve surgery.