Archetype of The Wise Old Man in the Story of Zāl by Ferdowsi

In archetypal criticism which is based on the ideas of Jung، Campbell، Maud Bodkin، and Northrop Frye، analyzing symbols plays a fundamental role. The Wise Old Man، according to Jung، is a deep structural character depicted in mythology and literature. In fact Yung has defined multiple features of this myth as introduced by mythological accounts. In Shāhnāme of Feredowsi، there are several figures who possess the features of The Wise Old Man، but the most remarkable among these figures is Zāl who is always ready to take great steps for Iranian.