Systematic Review of Research Papers in the Recent Three Decades on the " Reasons of Cesarean Section" and Population Health Management Strategies in Iran

Irregular increase in cesarean section (C-section) rate and increasing approach of mothers to elective C-section، despite its complications for fetal and maternal health and reduction of natural vaginal delivery (NVD) rates in recent years، has turned C-section into a national problem and as a complementary treatment in family planning has caused decrease in fertility rates and often prevention of third and further births and also reduced the number of children. This study، recognizing the effect of C-section from various aspects، particularly the country''s demographics، using method of «systematic review of research papers» in the last three decades، intends to review reasons of C-section and NVD challenges in order to providepopulation health management Strategies. Therefore، based on a systematic approach، 78 scientific-research articles have been selected and studied after screening. The results show that the most repeated reasons mentioned in the literature for cesarean are: previous C-section، fear of natural labor، a negative attitude towards natural labor and a positive attitude towards cesarean and medical reasons. It is worthy to note that the mentioned reasons of increase in cesarean can be classified and studied more from economic - social، cultural، recognition، psychological، medical، legal - lawful and treatment - health viewpoints. The results of this systematic study emphasize on the need for scientific analysis of cesarean in a interdisciplinary research and also entering the field of humanities to explain its cultural- social reasons and as well diversification of research methods and qualitative studies for the recognition of reasons of increased rate of C-section.