Divergence and Convergence of Iraqi Turkmens with the Old and New Turkey; Within the Framework of Kemalism and Pan-Turkism

Since the fall of Ottoman Empire to the end of 20th century; Turkey applied a different policy toward Turkish minorities who live abroad (Brief History). Thus, ignoring the mentioned policy by Turkish governments and applying mutual relations and ignorance policy with Turkish minorities, including Iraqi Turkmens, are ambiguous issues (Problem), which were not scientifically studied by researchers (Background). As a result the question of the current paper is: What are the background and obstacles of convergence between Iraqi Turkmens and Turkish government within the framework of Pan-Turkism and new regional policies of Turkey? (Question) Within the framework of new policies, Turkish government have tried to go beyond Kemalism, also new considerations were redefined based on national interests of Turkey on Iraqi Turkmens, within the framework of Pan-Turkism. (Hypothesis) The purpose of presenting two illustrations of old Turkey and new Turkey is facing a single phenomenon based on unstable national interests. (Purpose) The present paper has applied an analytical – descriptive method on documentary and collected data which are accumulate by library sources; all the information will be analyzed in order to reject or prove the hypothesis of the current paper. (Methodology) A mutual ignorance between Turkish government and Turkmens incurrent situation of Turkey’s policies toward Pan-Turkism is the main finding of the paper. (Finding)