Multilevel analysis of adolescent's academic alienation: the roles of school culture and basic psychological needs

Alienation is the state or experience of being isolated from a group or an activity to which one should belong or in which one should be involved. Adolescents who are alienated often become adults who are socially alienated، who live in poverty، and who are politically powerless. The aim of current research was multi level analysis of the relationship between school culture، basic psychological needs and adolescents'' academic alienation. 1029 high school students of Urmia city were randomly selected through multiphase cluster sampling method and answered to academic alienation، school culture and basic psychological needs questionnaires. Using HLM software for data analysis، the findings revealed that in individual level basic psychological needs (autonomy، competence and relatedness) had negative and significant effect on academic alienation. In school level، the effects of students-teachers relationship and educational opportunity on dependent variable were negative and significant. But the effects of students'' relationships and normative expectations weren''t significant. In general، research findings emphasize on multi level factors roles in studying academic alienation.