Different types of leaf stomata Birch (Betula spp.) In the northern forests of Iran

Different stomata types and their position with epidermal cells in genus Betula spp were studied at the three sites (Siahmarzkoo، Sangdeh and Shahrestanak)، by scanning light and electronic microscopy. Ten trees were selected with minimum 100 meters distance from each other. Significant differences in nested layout analysis were calculated between large and small stomata length، large stomata width، its area and no significant differences between small stomata width and densities in different populations. The highest and lowest stomata area related to Siahmarzkoo and Sangde. Correlation between stomata traits and geographical habitat characteristics showed that length، width and area of the stomata decrease by increasing height above sea level and will increase by increasing latitude and longitude. Detection analysis showed a 70 percent match between stomata characteristics and ecological conditions of the habitats. Two types of stomata including paracytic and anomocytic were identified in this genus with paracytic dominant. One similar type of stomata was recognized for three sites in terms of position of stomata in comparison with epidermal cells and in this type، stomata located over than epidermal cells.