Reference Forming in Texts: The Case Study of " Dubliners", Comparison of English Text and Its Two Persian Translations

The present paper studies the method referential categories and their distribution and their types in two translated texts from Dubliners written by Jamez Joyce within the framework of Holliday’s coherence theory and also analyses the book itself and compares the source text and the target texts. The method for analyzing this data is statistical analysis method. The sample of this study is five stories from the Dubliners series which were selected randomly and 135 sentences were selected from the main text. As these sentences were analyzed in their two translations the total number of analyzed sentences is 405 in three books. Reference in Holliday’s theory is a subcategory of grammatical cohesion. This study tries to explain differences in translation methods of two Persian translations by analyzing reference. Results show that method of using reference in these three texts is different and depending on the author and story different types of reference were used. At the end different methods of reference in translation of two translators were considered reflecting their different point of view about story.