Efficacy of Vitamin D-fortified Yogurt drink (doogh) on Improvement of Endothelial Biomarkers in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

In this study، the effect of improvement of vitamin D status on glycemic status، lipid profile and endothelial biomarkers in T2D subjects was investigated. Subjects with T2D were randomly allocated to one of the two groups to receive either plain yogurt drink (PYD; containing 170 mg calcium and no vitamin D/250 mL، n= 50) or vitamin D3-fortified yogurt drink (FYD; containing 170 mg calcium and 500 IU/250 mL، n = 50) twice a day for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measures، glycemic status، lipid profile، body fat mass (FM) and endothelial biomarkers were evaluated at the beginning and after the 12-week intervention period. Intervention resulted in significant differences in changes of endothelin-1، E-selectin and MMP-9 concentrations in FD compared to PD (-0. 35 ± 0. 63 versus -0. 03 ± 0. 55، P= 0. 028; -3. 8 ± 7. 3 versus 0. 95 ± 8. 3، P = 0. 003 and -2. 3 ± 3. 7 versus 0. 44 ± 7. 1 ng/mL، respectively، P < 0. 05 for all). Even after controlling for changes of QUICKI، FM and waist circumference remained significant for endothelin-1 and MMP-9 (P = 0. 009 and P = 0. 005، respectively). Ameliorated vitamin D status was accompanied by improved glycemic status، lipid profile and endothelial biomarkers in T2D subjects. The research findings suggest both direct and indirect ameliorating effects of vitamin D on the endothelial biomarkers.