The effect of self-controlled observational practice and model's skill level on badminton long serve

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-controlled observational practice and model’s skill level on learning of badminton long serve. 52 female students (18-26 ages) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: a) skilled model-self-control, b)skilled model-yoked, c)learning model-self-control, d)learning model-yoked. The study involved pre-test, acquisition and retention test. outcome and movement pattern were measured as dependent variables. Independent variables were model type (skilled or learning) and practice condition (self-controlled or yoked). Data were analysed with factorial ANCOVA, kruskal-wallis and U-mann-whitney tests. In regard to movement pattern, The result showed that the main effect of practice condition, the main effect of model type and interaction of practice condition and model type were not significant neither acquisition nor retention test. on the subject of outcome scores the main effect of model type was significant in acquisition test. learning model group showed better performance than skilled model group, but the main effect of practice condition was not significant in acquisition test, as well as, the main effect of practice condition, the main effect of model type and interaction of practice condition and model type were not significant in retention test.