The theory of modes from theology to philosophy

The theory of modes has been officially propounded for the first time by the Motazelite theologian Abou Hashim Jobayei However, many philosophers and theologians have rejected this theory. The apparent aspect of philosopher's speech indicates that they perceive some kind of synonymy between the theory of modes and the theory of subsistent. Therefore, criticizing the theory of modes can be evaluated along the line of bewilderment by the theory of subsistent and attacking its originators. The reality is that the theory of modes, apart from the modality of divine omniscience, is considering the modality of God's qualification in general, apart from any special attribute; and similar to this, and prior to being set forth in the realm of Motazelism, had already been propounded within the Shiite thought by Hisham bin Hakam. Finding whether the relation between Essence and attributes from the point of view of the considered theologians has had any kind of similitude with the speech of philosophers in this respect, helps to pursue any covert connection between their views and the Gnostic ideas that actually separate the Gnostics from philosophers. The importance of the subject of attributes of God on one hand, and the speciality of the Shiite school in offering subtle and delicate themes related to belief as well as the existence of precedent examples of the like in it on the other, necessitates a re-evaluation of the history of this theory as well as a recount of its functions.