Jurisprudent Bases of Islam and Socio-Political Freedoms

Freedom is one of the notions that has been defined differently by various schools according to their special viewpoint. In the Islamic fiqh (jurisprudence), based on the emphasis of Quran on freedom of mankind, the concept of freedom has been shaped in form of fiqh principles. The aim of this article is analysis of the Islamic fiqh bases about political and social freedoms and with studying fiqh viewpoints, different opinions about freedom have been analyzed. Due to the fact that freedom is strictly related to human rights and the sovereignty right, these concepts should, also, be explained. Referring to the opinions raised in different resources has made it clear that the theoretical bases of freedom and humane rights in the Islamic fiqh have been explained with reference to principles such as exemption, legitimizing irregular affairs (Ebahe) and the will, but with regard to the diversity of definitions of “freedom” expressed in the west, a new age of jurisprudent and religious discussions about freedom and human rights has been started; like: how much is the scope of the sovereignty of the government? and what are the mutual rights of the citizens and the government?