The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles enriched yeast on the growth performance, digestive enzymes activity and lipid metabolism in two Artemia species

Nowadays, nanoparticles (NPs) have a great potential application in different industries. Titanium dioxide NPs cause the biggest eco-toxicological and eco-physiological concerns due to the increase of anthropogenic input into the aquatic ecosystems, compared with other NPs. In this study, the impact of yeast enriched with titanium dioxide NPs on the growth, survival, digestive enzyme activity and lipid metabolism in Artemia urmiana (AU) and Artemia franciscana (AF) is investigated. The experiment was designed in two treatments (control and enriched yeast with titanium dioxide NPs) and each with four replicates for both Artemia species. The investigation indicated that titanium dioxide nanoparticles did not affect the Artemia species growth but increased AF survival significantly. However, No significant difference was observed in AU survival. Also, the results showed that NPs decreased AU digestive enzyme activity significantly and the reverse pattern was observed for AF. The impact of NPs on the body lipid content was investigated in Artemia species and the results revealed that using this NPs decrease this parameter in AU but did not affect on AF lipid body content. The results obtained in this experiment suggest that the eco-physiological effects of titanium dioxide NPs differ in Artemia urmiana and Artemia franciscana.