Effective Factors in Developing Handicrafts (Case Study: Kelash, Kurdistan Giveh)

1. Knowledge-based cultural industries are among new economic opportunities for all countries in the 21st century. Cultural industries are parts of economics of new knowledge. Governments promote measures that lead to the support and development of cultural industries. Creative industries have 13 subsets and handicraft is one of them. This article investigates the effective factors in the development of GIVE (KELASH), handicraft of Kordistan, as one of the country's handicrafts. Despite its unique qualities, it has not developed so much.
One of the features of GIVE (KELASH) is that although it is rather expensive, it has innumerable proponents in Kurdish areas. On the other hand, both tools and formation procedure are primitive that cause hardship and serious damage to producer. Model of this product has not changed during years, and if there has been no creativity, it couldn’t have attracted the attention of marketplace. In addition, the production process is hard and time-consuming, and the time spent is not economical in comparison with the production cost.
The studies show humane resource need creativity, skills and aptitude, entrepreneurship attitude, ingenuity and motivation. Handicraft producers should use business skills and technology in addition to having a perception of art. This should accompany material and spiritual support of creative individuals and creating a collective and comprehensive workplace so that producers use other's knowledge more and better. On the other hand, changing handicrafts to consumer goods and its entering to family consumption basket, eliminating tourism obstacles, government's support for presence in international markets, formation of cooperation institutes for initial materials, and using other's experiences are effective; indeed, preventing immethodical imports of foreign handicrafts for preventing crisis in this industry is also necessary. Factors such as plurality and distribution of handicrafts units, weak financial condition, and interference of profiteer brokers in providing materials and buying products, maker's ignorance of consumer's taste and new production methods, repetitive design, lack of a trustee and concentrated organization in this industry, competitors and factory products are among the obstacles. Moreover, lack of packing, insufficiency of number, weak advertisement, and bad quality of some goods are some of the weak points.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective factors in development of KELASH handicrafts. This issue brings about prosperity of handicrafts and leads to gaining resources and producing occupations.
2. The method employed in this research is developmental in terms of objective, qualitative in terms of method, or in other words, case-study and action research using data-based theory, and survey study in terms of data collection method. Open interviews with key knowledgeable individuals in handicrafts area and producers of this industry as well as some active persons in providing facilities to domestic workshops, and active social entrepreneurs in equipment of countrymen were done. In the action research part of the study, data collection and analysis were done alternatively. Analysis was done with the first observation and continued with interview and next observation. The important point was the matter which was referred to in all groups, and that is the fact that conspicuous product should be updated. Manual production procedure, different characteristics of workshops and producers, and protection of cultural authenticity in these two methods were not concordant, and a solution for this consistency was needed to be found in next interviews. Hence, solutions and indications which were presented one by one in the next interviews were gathered in the codification procedure and a good solution for elimination of the problem was proposed.
3. DISCUSION : After investigation and analysis of data, it was concluded that aboriginal knowledge and academic knowledge should be integrated with a standard procedure. Seventy-three categorical phrases were extracted in codification stage. Five elements of model emerged in selective codification stage. There are five steps in selective codification that put five elements of model in a coherent way to formulate a theory.
The first step is determination of central category that shows the main concept of research. The central category or issue is that KELASH is not updated that is a ley factor in lack of improvement of the above mentioned industry. In the next step, the categories around central matter was specified.
4. In the present conditions that upper hand documents guide both people and authorities toward resistant economics and reliability on internal capacities and opportunities, development of cultural industries such as handicrafts in Iran, as a cultural and civilized country, is necessary. Therefore, firstly the government should resolutely improve the conditions of this market and develop the mentioned product by using interlopers like media, educational and financial constitutions and make conditions for updating this product. In this condition, determination of government and help of interlopers improve the macro-milieu by humane forces and cultural development.
Achieving the purpose is possible through formation of constitutions and centers such as bunches and rural service centers and other direct measures in internal and near milieu. In this condition, economic, social, cultural, and environmental accomplishments resulted from the development of mentioned industry will appear and it is a step toward permanent development. This research proves that even a small and local handicraft in Iran has the capacity of being a huge and national industry and plays an effective role in economics and culture of country.