municipality in legal system of Iran and France

Municipality, as one of the most important legal entity in the urban management, can have an effective role in providing local public services and administration of some local public affairs. The role of the municipality in urban management differs from full authority to implementation of small affairs. The Place and importance of the municipality is determined by the laws and legal systems. In Iranian legal system, the Municipal Act 1334 (1955) as the main Act, despite an increase in citizen’s political and civil awareness, with overriding many provision followed a regressive approach; in the way that the most fundamental duties and authorities of the municipality is withdrawn and transferred to the government which resulted in minimal participation of citizens in their local administration affairs. In France, from earlier decades is followed the assignment of duties from the government to municipality seriously, and special rules legislated in favor of this important legal entity. “Decentralization Act”, 2 March 1982, and “General Code of Territorial Communities” upgraded the municipality place to the most important and effective urban management legal entity. The municipality is the basic of urban management. It seems that the opinion of government on municipality is based upon the opinion of government on the people. Explanation of the place and duties, responsibilities and powers of the municipalities as the official legal entity in Iran and France which are the same in the administrative system, and also the study of the existing differences, and applying the strategies and experiences of the France legal system relating to municipality to improve the place and position thereof in Iran, are the most important aims of this essay.