A Formalistic and Structural Criticism of Ivan-e Mada n Ode By Khaqani

There are two major trends in literary criticism, one is formalism (theorized by Viktor Shklovsky in his epistle Resurrection of the Word in Russia) and structuralism (emanating from the Swiss linguist, Ferdinand de Saussure’s theory that differentiated between language and speech). The researcher attempts to review Ivan-e Mada’en, one the most significant odes of Khaqani from the point of view of terms and expressions such as form, text, defamiliarization, and particularly literature debated by formalistic, structural criticism.