Study Citizens Trust to the police by Emphasis on View of Procedural Justice and Police Performance

The police representative government power; a police’s institution, to achieve its objectives and carry out their duties (maintenance of public order and public security, success in reducing crime and Providing security and order in society and ...) have legitimate power, but only because of coercion and power cannot achieve its goals, the excessive use of authority by the police, not only lead to failure or defect in the exercise of their functions, but in the eyes of people seemed police harsh, as a result, this has caused the chasm between citizens and police, and leading to reduce public trust and confidence to the police. In this regard, the police in order to establish community safety and crime prevention requires the participation of citizens, but this is an important time realized that the people trusted the police and to be recognized as legitimate. If the police identified the trustworthy by citizens, reduced need for official control. In this situation, the citizen's sense of responsibility to society and will cooperate with the police in ensuring public order.
Due to the importance of this issue, the present study investigates of Qorveh citizen's trust to the police this town and to compare the importance of a process-based model (procedural justice) and the instrumental model (performance police) to explain citizen's trust to the police investigated. Briefly, from the perspective of the instrumental model, citizen's trust in the police and cooperation with them, result of the effectiveness of the police is in controlling crime and maintaining order and security in society. From the perspective of process-based model, administration of procedural justice by the police in dealing with citizens is a key factor in obtaining the trust of citizens. Finally, with regard to theoretical and empirical literature research the following hypothesis is deduced: Hypotheses: - Between administration of procedural justice by the police and the citizen's trust to them there is a significant relationship.
- Between of police performance from the perspective of citizens and their trust to police there is a significant relationship.
Material& Methodologically, this paper is extensive study and in terms of time is sectional one. Also, type of this research is an applied one and method of study is Survey. To collect data of questionnaire was used. The sample consisted of 390 residents aged 18 and older living in Qorveh town which were selected by multistage cluster sampling. In this study, trust in the police inspired division of Tyler with two dimensions of institutional trust and motive-based trust is studied. Institutional trust is tested with 9 items, the items of the questionnaire survey Tyler (2005) and Tyler and Fagan (2008) have adapted. Motive-based trust is tested with 3 items, to measure police performance used of 14 items and Procedural justice has been tested with 17 items, the items of the questionnaire survey Tyler (2005) have been derived.
To assess the reliability of questionnaire is used of face validity. In this regard from the valuable feedback Social Sciences Tabriz University professors have been used. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability. To analyze the data collected from 19 spss software is used. In univariate analysis, to summarize data and describes the characteristics of the sample and answers according to the levels of the variables measured were used of the frequency distribution tables and descriptive statistics. In bivariate analysis according to the levels of the variables measured used of Statistical tests T, F, and r Pearson. In multivariate analysis to explain the dependent variable (trust to the police) was used of multiple regressions.
Discussion and The results indicated that quantity of respondents trust to police ( of 1-6 ) to be equal 4/08, which representing average trust level to the top of respondents to police, the average performance of police (6-1) equal (3 / 99) which is indicative of the level of respondent's satisfaction with police performance has been average. Also average of procedural justice (4/11) is the which means the observance of procedural justice by Qorveh town police’s in law enforcement when dealing and communicating with citizens in term of respondents’ assessment is moderate to high.
The results of Bivariate analysis indicated that there is not a signification difference in the average trust to the police by sex, marital status, income, religion and ethnic of the respondents, but there is signification different in average trust to the police, according to level of education respondents. As well as the results of regression analysis indicated quality of making decision (neutral, fair and based on legality of the decisions of the police), of dimensions of preeminent police procedural justice and effectiveness police at dimensions of preeminent performance (efficiency and effectiveness of the police in the fight again scrim and maintaining and order and security in society) had greatest impact on quantity of confidence respondents to the police.
Generally, the results indicate that police procedural justice more effective than the police performance at citizens trust to the police that these results support the view was Tyler, Tyler seems to adopt the fair procedurals by the police leading to obedience and respect the citizens 'will be to the police, and will increase the legitimacy of the police, so will attract citizen's trust in the police. In fact, in his view, the key the formation of trust and confidence to the police and thus gain their cooperation, fair and impartial decisions being taken by the police and as well as respectful and courteous behavior by the police with citizens. This result is consistent with the finding of Tyler (2005), Schaap (2012), Hinds and Murphy (2007), Reisig and Lloyd (2009), so that the results of their research indicate that procedural justice have been an important variable affecting on citizens trust to the police.