فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 59، پاییز 1402)

This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Family Attachment and Changeability Index (FACI8).

The sample group included 313 male and female participants (age range 12 to 71), who were selected using the available sampling method. The Persian version of the Scale was applied with Connor- Davidson Resilience Scale and Cohen et al.'s Perceived Tension Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis and convergent and divergent validity were applied to evaluate the validity of the scale and Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate its Internal Consistency Reliability. For examining the Test-Retest Reliability, the scale was performed on 35 subjects and Pearson correlation was used to measure it.

The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated the fit and desirability of the two-factor model. Significant correlations between the factors of the Scale with of Resilience Scale and Perceived Tension also confirmed the divergent and convergent validity of this scale. The reliability of the scale using Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculation for the whole scale is 0.87 and the test-retest correlation coefficient of 0.9 Obtained.

In general, it can be said that the Persian version of the Family Attachment and Changeability Index, which has two factors (attachment, changeability), has a factor structure similar to the original version of the scale and has the necessary validity and reliability to use in psychological research in the Iranian sample.

Cerebral stroke is one of the most common and debilitating neurological diseases, and its defects are mainly in three parts: physical, cognitive, and emotional-behavioral. Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to interventions that target cognitive and mood problems at the same time. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of the stress reduction training intervention based on mindfulness and Powell's cognitive rehabilitation on the psychological symptoms of ischemic stroke patients.

This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. Based on the entry criteria, 36 ischemic stroke patients were randomly assigned to three groups of 12 people. The data collection tools were demographic profile questionnaires and (DASS21). The collected data were analyzed with SPSS software (Version. 22) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests, paired t-test, Tukey and repeated variance analysis at the significance level (P<0.05).

Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that patients receiving stress reduction treatment based on mindfulness and Powell's cognitive rehabilitation reported lower severity of depression, but no significant difference was observed between the two interventions based on the averages. Regarding anxiety, only the stress reduction intervention based on mindfulness was effective, and none of the interventions showed significant effectiveness regarding stress.

According to the results, stress reduction interventions based on mindfulness and cognitive rehabilitation can be used as a complementary treatment along with other treatments in order to improve the cognitive and psychological problems of patients.

Cyberchondria can be considered one of the emerging challenges in the Internet age. Emphasizing that self-esteem and obsessive-compulsive symptoms are one of the main topics of research in young people, and it is necessary to identify the factors related to the increase of cyberchondria. For this purpose, the aim of the present study was the mediating role of obsessive-compulsive syndrome in the relationship between self-esteem and cyberchondria in students.

The design of the current research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population studied in the present study were the students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, 262 of person were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. McElroy and Shulin's (CSS) cyberchondria questionnaire, Fua et al. (OCD-R), and Rosenberg's self-esteem questionnaire (SES) were used to collect information. Analysis of research data was done using SPSS and Lisrel software.

The results of structural equation modeling showed that the measured model of the research has a good fit with the conceptual model. Regarding direct effects, the results show that self-esteem has a direct relationship with cyberchondria and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Also, obsessive-compulsive syndrome has a direct relationship with cyberchondria. As for the indirect effect, the results showed that obsessive-compulsive symptoms have a mediating effect on the relationship between self-esteem and cyberchondria.

The results of the research showed that obsessive-compulsive disorder plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-esteem and cyberchondria. Paying attention to this impact mechanism can be effective in formulating effective preventive and therapeutic interventions for cyberchondria.

The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the symptoms of social anxiety disorder based on primary maladaptive schemas and insecure attachment style with the mediating role of anxiety sensitivity.

The research method was correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all students of the University of Science and Research in the academic year of 2022 in Tehran province which were selected as a multi-stage random sampling. The number of 306 people who scored higher than 40 in the Connor social anxiety questionnaire. Data collection tools included Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire, Attachment Styles Questionnaire, Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire and Social Anxiety Questionnaire. In order to analyze the obtained data, SPSS19 and AMOS24 software were used.

The predictor variables of primary maladaptive schemas and insecure attachment style directly and indirectly with the mediation of anxiety sensitivity had a significant effect on social anxiety disorder (p<0/01). Also, anxiety sensitivity had a direct effect on social anxiety disorder (p<0/01).

Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that early maladaptive schemas and insecure attachment style can be strong predictors of social anxiety disorder, and in the meantime, anxiety sensitivity as a mediating variable is part of the influencing process in the form of Taking signs of social anxiety.

The National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project was developed in response to deficiencies in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) mental disorder classification systems. Since this project is a new diagnostic system, not much research has been done on it and the related literature is still being developed. The purpose of this review article is first to describe a brief history of the classification of mental disorders and then to discuss how the RDoC is formed and introducing the RDoC matrix and unit of analysis. In a review, after searching for specialized research keywords in internal and external studies, data were collected. The data analysis of this study shows that the Research Criteria Project provides a framework for facilitating integrated research to elucidate the main mechanisms of human mental disorders Based on the individualized psychiatry and transdiagnostic, Neuro-bio-behavioral approach. The current framework of RDoC is made of a matrix in which the rows represent specific functional constructs and the concepts actually summarize the data related to a functional domain of behavior. In the current plan, there are six fields in the matrix of the RDoC: negative valence systems, positive valence systems, cognitive systems, systems for social processes, arousal and regulatory systems and sensory-motor systems. The columns of the matrix show the units of analysis used in the study of the constructs and consist of genes, molecules, cells, circuits, physiology, behavior and self-reports. This matrix also has a separate column that determines the valid paradigms that were used in the study of each construct. The paper highlights key implications for ways in which RDoC can contribute to future ideas about classification, personalized intervention for heterogeneous disorders and preventive/early interventions targeting emergent or subthreshold psychopathology. As well as some of the considerations involved in translating basic behavioral and neuroscience data to psychopathology.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation in the relationship between anxious attachment style and postpartum depression.

The method of the current research was descriptive-correlation and structural equation model type. The participants included 206 women who had given birth two weeks to three months ago and were selected by available sampling method. To collect data from the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scales (EPDS), Collins and Reed Adult Attachment Style (RAAS) and Gertz and Romer's Difficulty in Regulating Emotions (DERS) and to analyze the data using SPSS 26 software and AMOS 24 was used.

 The results showed well goodness of fit to the proposed model, In this model relationship between postpartum depression with anxious attachment style (p<0.01) and difficulty in emotional regulation (p<0.01) was positive and significant. Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between difficulty in emotion regulation and anxious attachment style (p < 0.01). The results of the structural equation model showed that difficulty in emotional regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between anxious attachment style and postpartum depression.

Two important factors related to postpartum depression in women are anxious attachment style and difficulty in emotional regulation. Focusing on preventive programs based on emotion regulation skills and paying attention to the attachment style and emotional regulation problems of mothers can help in the prevention and treatment of postpartum depression.

The objective of this study was to assess the mediating role of attachment styles and negative affect in the association between childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

The study was a descriptive-correlational approach, utilizing structural equation modeling. Among the general population, 363 people were selected through an internet survey, based on the inclusion criteria and using the convenience sampling method. The tools used in this research included the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (Foa et al., 2002), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 2003), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Watson et al., 1988), and the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire (Brennan and Morris, 1997). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the research model.

The results indicated that childhood trauma had a significant and direct link to obsessive-compulsive symptoms. In addition, attachment styles and negative affect significantly mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Overall, the results showed that the model had good fit.

According to the results, individuals with a history of childhood trauma and insecure attachment styles typically experience negative emotions. It is also likely for these individuals to exhibit obsessive symptoms. In general, childhood trauma, insecure attachment styles, and negative emotions are factors that can play an important role in relation to obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Therefore, these factors should be considered when planning prevention methods and treatment programs.

Type 2 diabetes is known as one of the most challenging and dangerous chronic diseases. In the present study, the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on psychological helplessness and psychological coherence of patients with type 2 diabetes was investigated. The current research was a semi-experimental with repeated measurement design, pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included male and female diabetic patients aged 45 to 60 who referred to Karaj diabetes clinic in 2022. 40 people were selected by the available sampling method and randomly replaced in two groups of 20 people, test and control. The intervention group received metacognitive therapy for 10 sessions of 90 minutes. Data were collected from two groups using questionnaires of psychological helplessness and psychological coherence in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. SPSS-25 software and mixed variance analysis method were used to analyze the results. The average difference of the components of psychological helplessness and psychological coherence in two groups of metacognitive treatment and control is statistically significant. So that the metacognitive therapy caused the average psychological helplessness components to decrease in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the pre-test stage (P<0.001). Also, metacognitive therapy has led to a stable increase in the mean of psychological coherence components (P<0.001). Based on the results of this research, metacognitive therapy is effective in reducing psychological helplessness and increasing psychological coherence of patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, metacognitive therapy is useful for the problems of patients with diabetes.

Prolonged exposure therapy is the first line of treatment for PTSD in veterans and military personnel; However, PE may not meet the preferences of many patients with PTSD. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of prolonged exposure therapy and DBT-PE combined treatment protocol on improving the post-traumatic growth of veterans with PTSD. The research method was a pre-test-post-test experiment with a control group along with a follow-up period. The statistical population of the study consisted of all veterans with PTSD who referred to Isar Psychiatric Hospital in Ardabil in 2022. The research sample included 60 veterans with PTSD who were selected as a purposeful sampling. In order to collect data, the post-traumatic growth questionnaire was used. The first experimental group received prolonged exposure therapy (10 sessions), and the second experimental group received integrated therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (16 sessions of 90 to 120 minutes). The data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test. The findings of the results showed that exposure therapy and its combination with dialectical behavior therapy were effective in improving post-traumatic growth of veterans with PTSD (P<0.01); However, the effect of combined treatment was greater than other intervention (P<0.05). Therefore, using these results, it is possible to suggest the use of exposure therapy methods and its combination with dialectical behavior therapy as effective methods in improving psychological symptoms related to post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans, along with medical treatments.