Historical Grounds of Changes in Muslim Brotherhood's Political Discourses in Egypt, with Emphasis on Political System Issue

The present paper examines the historical evolution of political discourse of Muslim Brotherhood society in Egypt in the process of formation of the political system, and shows the transformation in the political thoughts of this society in the current century. Muslim Brotherhood is one the most significant Islamic societies in the Arab world that plays an influential role in the new political developments in Arab countries. Given that, it has received particular attention by the researchers. Compared with its previous ideology, in the 21st century, the political thoughts of this society have gone through changes from early discourse of political thoughts (caliphate and Islamic governance) to democratic discourse, following the changes in the history of Islam. Following Egypt's popular movements, Muslim Brotherhood society could come to power for the first time under the leadership of Mohamed Morsi, by democratic means. Nonetheless, the power did not last more than one year. Brotherhood's failure in establishing political system and government caused numerous challenges that reduced the speed of development of this society at this time. So its establishment of a government and its survival are suspended to an uncertain future.