Searching for a thought believed by the ghālīs (extremists) Investigating the tradition

Najāshī, the great Shia Rijal expert despite his style in the book of alFihrist (known as Rijāl al-Najāshī), when introduces Muhammad b. Hasan Shammūn, he quotes three traditions from him all relevant to his denomination and thought. Najāshī describes Muhammad b. Hasan as a Waqifite first, and then a ghālī (extremist). He has selected the first two traditions obviously in connection with the thought of the Waqifites. It seems that he has selected the third tradition to introduce an outstanding thought of the ghālīs. It is unanimously believed by the Rijal experts that Muhammad b. Hasan Shammūn was a ghālī. Moreover, his narrations of traditions confirm this claim to the extent that Dūwūd b. Kathīr al-Riqqī - an intermediary from whom Muhammad b. Hasan has received the tradition – is accused to be a ghālī and even one of key personalities of the trend of the ghuluww (extremism). In addition to this isnad – that cannot be found in any of Imamī sources – the purport of above tradition: "sawā' 'alā al-nāsibī ṣallā am zanā" (it does not make any difference for a Nāṣibī to pray or fornicate) has been quoted with four isnads – the common link of which being Ḥanān b. Sadīr, the Waqifite – in certain hadith sources. However, in addition to the textual incongruity (iḍṭirāb), imperfection in isnads or even lack of isnads (irsāl) in these traditions, this idea is reinforced that Sudayf Makkī is unknown, and Sahl b. Ziyād is accused of being a ghālī and that Ḥanān b. Sadīr – the shared transmitter of this tradition in different isnads- is likely a ghālī.