High Cholesterol Diet Increases Expression of Cholesterol 24-Hydroxylase and BACE1 in Rat Hippocampi: Implications for the Effect of Diet Cholesterol on Memory

Abnormal cholesterol homeostasis is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease and cognitive impairment..
Our objective was to evaluate changes in the expression of proteins related to cognition and cholesterol homeostasis in the hippocampi of rats as well as behavioral modifications following the administration of a cholesterol-rich diet..
In this experimental study, lasting 16 weeks, 20 male Wistar rats (aged 8 weeks) were randomly divided into two groups. One group was fed with a normal diet (ND; n = 10) and the second with a high cholesterol diet (HD; n = 10). The expression of the cognition-related proteins N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) and cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1), the key cholesterol hemostasis protein, were determined by an immunoblotting assay in the hippocampus homogenate. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to examine cognitive performance. Plasma lipidic parameters, including total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), as well as brain TC were measured by colorimetric assay..
After a high cholesterol diet had been administered for a period of 16 weeks, a significant increase in TC, LDL-C and TG was observed in the HD group in comparison with the ND group (P The findings show that irregularities in cognitive performance as a result of a high cholesterol diet can be partially mediated by distortion in brain cholesterol homeostasis and processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP)..