Vulnerability Assessment of Rural Settlements Versus Earthquake by Approach to Crisis Management in Fars Province

INTRODUCTION Iran is located in the active region of the world in terms of seismicity and according to the scientific documentation information and observations of the twentieth century is considered the riskiest region of the world by powerful earthquake. As a widely-accepted fact that “earthquake does not kill people but the buildings do” we know the overwhelming relevance of this fact. Majority of deaths and injuries in earthquake incidence occur because of the collision and collapse of buildings and other human made structures resulting in the loss of lives, property and social disruption. Therefore, in order to reduce risk, crisis management should go towards to the standardization of building materials, increasing reliability and safety in new construction, guiding urbanization system and development of urban and rural settlements. In this case, the rural communities are very important.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK The vulnerability is a conception that occur according to the physical and natural characteristics of phenomena against natural and unnatural disasters. Determining the amount of vulnerability internal elements of risk of environment is of the requirements to determine risk. One of the most important parts of human life is residential buildings. Vulnerability of buildings is physical vulnerability and the damage to human lives and health is human vulnerability. There are many aspects of vulnerability, arising from various physical, social, economic, and environmental factors. According to research topics, the study approach is physical. Thus, according to this approach and crisis management approach vulnerability assessment of rural housing was done against earthquake.
METHODOLOGY The research method is descriptive and analytical. For data collection, library and documentary method were used, and data that we required were collected by using census data library data, Internet and etc. in this study, statistical population consisted of all rurals in Fars province. Also, analysis unit was the county of Fars. To create a database and mapping, Geographic information system software and Excel were used. In fact, for integration of information, layers in GIS and spatial analysis were used overlay layers and analytic hierarchy process methods. Also, for seismic hazard zonation and creating layers, inverse distance weighted interpolation method (IDW) and proximity function were used.
DISCUSSION About 2026 earthquake happened in Fars province that most earthquakes occurred with 8.3 of magnitude on the Richter scale that frequency of them was 110. In fact, given the frequency of earthquakes, most of them are less than 4 on the Richter scale. Also, according to the region that earthquake happened, the largest earthquake occurred in the Lar county (358 cases). Historical Earthquake Survey shows that most destructive earthquakes occurred in Larestan in the past. Generally, the most earthquakes occurred in Lar, Kazeroun, Jahrom, Qyr & karzyn, Nourabad and Firozabad. Hazard zonation was done using earthquakes, faults and lithology and Fars province was divided into five zones. Then, population, housing and infrastructure of rural settlements were evaluated in these zones. The greatest number of settlements (2,700 settlements rural of 3,273) and more than 290,000 housing of total of 346,814 are in high and too high-risk areas in Fars province. Generally, 47 percent of the total of rural housing have an area less than 100 square meters, 90% of them are non-resistant structures and 6. 91% of them are over 35 years old. These information show necessity of reconstruction, improvements and retrofitting of structures in rural areas.
CONCLUSION The results of this study, same as other studies that were done in other provinces indicate non-resistant and outwear of rural housing. More than 85 percent of the province's areas and more than 85 percent of the rural settlements, the population, housing and infrastructures of them are located in areas with high risk of earthquakes. In fact, most of the rural population in Fars province have lived in areas that not only are disposable the serious risk of earthquakes, but also these residential buildings are non-resistant and outwear. Even if the earthquake does not cause deaths and casualties by itself, these causes will provide by non-resistant and outwear buildings and collapses from these structures. Some of the recommendations of this study are: Putting retrofitting as the most important part of the construction in the high risk areas. Presentation government facilities, loans and non-cash contributions for the reconstruction, improvements and retrofitting housing, and creating the crisis management centers in rural areas in each county.