An Analysis of Social Policy in Pahlavi Era in Iran: Ups and Downs of the Relationship Between the State and the Nation

This paper focuses on developments in welfare policy and the main factors of these developments in the Pahlavi era. For this purpose, the development process has been studied in three historical periods: the period of Reza Shah, the period from the fall of Reza Shah to the coup of August 28, and the period from the coup to the Revolution. Organizational and institutional development shows that different factors were involved in the formation and development of welfare policies. The Pahlavi era is known as the beginning of the formation of the modern state in Iran. Nation-building and state-building occurred in this period in order to perform a variety of institutionalization; and welfare policies are also analyzed in this framework. But since September 1941 leftist movements were active in Iran and there were more demands for a greater role in shaping social welfare policies. But this factor reduced in effectiveness since the mid-1950s after the coup, and the government tried to increase his role by relying on the increase in oil revenues.