Evaluation of risk factors of renal involvement in patients with type 2 diabetes

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most leading cause of end stage renal disease .Clinically, DN is classified into 2 stages: microalbuminuria (MA) and macroalbuminuria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of DN among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in mashhad.
A cross-sectional study evaluating 1980, T2DM patients as performed. For all patients a questionnaire, including age, sex, weight, and duration of diabetes were filled. Laboratory tests, including blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, uric acid and glycosylated hemoglobin and a random urine albumin-to-creatinine levels were obtained and if albuminuria was positive the test was repeated. Body mass index and blood pressure was measured. The presence or absence of retinopathy in patients were based on an eye examination by an ophthalmologist. The presence or absence of known cardiovascular involvement was based on electrocardiogram and exercise test if necessary.
Of 1980 patients, 43.5% were male and 56.5% female. 82.3% had normoalbuminuria, 17% microalbuminuria and 0.7% macroalbuminuria. A significant non dependent association was found between age, duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin and renal involvement at different stages. In addition, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was significantly higher in the group with diabetic nephropathy.
The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy was 17.7%. In our study risk factors for diabetic nephropathy were age, duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin and diabetic retinopathy.