Consequences of marine-oceanic plastic waste accumulation on cellular and/or organismal level(s)

This paper is to determine of consequences of marine-oceanic plastic accumulation on cellular and organismal level(s). The land- based sources account for nearly 80 percent of the world’s marine-oceanic pollution and 60 to 95 percent of the waste is made of plastic. Ultimately¡ the most of the plastic waste in the world ends up at sea. By the assistance of oceanic whirling currents¡ the plastic litter compiles over time at the middle of main ocean vortices forming named garbage patches. In the ocean and sea¡ some plastic pieces fill the stomach and cause suffocation of birds and turtles. It can also lead to starvation and potentially death of animals. Tiny plastic pieces absorb hydrophobic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and a degraded form of the pesticide DDT (DDE) with a concentration factor of almost 1 million times being compared to the overall concentration of the chemicals in seawater. Novel local legislations as well as international programs¡ with clear frames and enforcement measures¡ are currently being presented and suggested worldwide and some may need ratification by many countries to decline plastic pollution in sea and ocean. Media can also play a key role to enhance public awareness of the adverse effects of plastic pollution on marine life and human health.