Exploring the Concept of Psychological Capital based on Imam Ali's Words: Consistencies, Inconsistencies, and Guidelines

Due to the importance of psychological capital (PsyCap) in the individual and organizational life of human beings, we attempted to explore this concept along with its four components (i.e. self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resiliency) through a descriptive-analytic approach by using the valuable treasur of Nahjolbalaghe and Imam Ali’s Words. Some consistent as well as some inconsistent cases were observed through this exploration in terms of the components of PsyCap. Based on this observation and in line with the construct under scrutiny (i.e., PsyCap) some guidelines were presented. The findings also asserted that the inconsistency observed is primarily rooted in different life styles followed in Muslims and non-Muslims countries. Based on Imam Ali’s Words, ‘spirituality’ was added to the components of PsyCap which has not been touched upon in the studies conducted to date.