Methods and Criteria for Evalmating the Transition Verse in Ode

Takhallos (transition verse) in ode (qasideh) refers to the transition from introduction (Tashbib¡ Nasib) to the body of the text (praise). Transition verse is an important part of the ode¡ and its literary function in rhetorics is called skillful transition verse or ‘hosen- etakhallos’. Poets were aware of its importance¡ and have used various literary methods when they wanted to move from introduction to praising. In this research the poems of some prominent poets in 5th and 6th century like Farrokhi Sistani¡ Onsori¡ Manuchehri¡ and Anvari will be studied thoroughly first¡ and considering other poems of the other prominent poets different methods they used to connect introduction to the praise. Furthermore¡ criteria for transition verse criticism will be studied in the books of rhetoric to find out the rhetoricians’ views about this issue. The results of this research which was done using a descriptive-analytical approach showed that rhetoricians paid attention to the praised dignity¡ the poet’s selfrespect¡ and the rhetoric in their critiques about the transition verse. This study shows literary critics pay attention to praised position¡ poets’ magnanimity and poetry coherence. The most important methods for transition-verse are literary images and narrative possibilities. The most important methods for Takhallos consist of figures of speech like simile¡ euphemism¡ and narrative tool¡ especially creating the setting. It is also revealed that the theme of the introduction plays role in the quality of the transition verse¡ for example in the odes which start with complaint the transition verse is not that interesting and usually has changed into demand and request.