Presentation of Causal Model for Rumination Based on Negative and Positive Psychological Variables

In recent years, the thought patterns in emotional disorders and its role in the continuance of these disorders has greatly drawn attention of the clinical professionals and researchers. The purpose of this study was to offer a causal model for rumination based on positive and negative psychological variables.
The statistical population in this study included all the students of the Islamic Azad University of Garmsar in the academic year of 2014-2015. Out of these students, 300 persons were selected through an accessible sampling method. First, the instrument of the research was Response Styles Scale of Nolen-Hoeksema, self-compassion scale of Neff, mindfulness scale of Brown & Ryan, and test of Self-Conscious Affect-2 of Tangney and et al. The structural components of the variables were determined using factor analysis and a conceptual model was developed based on psychological variables, then hypothetical model tested by path analysis.
Mindfulness directly had a negative effect on rumination and could predict it positively via brooding. Self-compassion directly had a negative effect on rumination and could predict it negatively via brooding. Shame directly had a positive effect on rumination and could predict it positively via brooding. Guilt directly had a positive effect on rumination and could predict it positively via reflection.
Among different variables and subfactors, brooding subfactor directly and self-compassion indirectly had the highest share in predicting rumination.