The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on the Pender's Health Promotion Model on Patient's Self-efficacy for Self-care Behaviors Following Heart Surgery

One of the key factors behind the recovery of patients following heart surgery is the level of self-efficacy, which empowers patients to self-care. This study aimed to examine the effect of an educational intervention based on the health promotion model (HPM) on patients’ self-efficacy following heart surgery.
In this quasi-experimental study, 220 patients were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (each group, n = 110) one month after the heart surgery. Data were collected using a researcher-made self-care questionnaire developed from the Pender’s model. This instrument included 97 questions and the average content validity index and content validity ratio for the entire questionnaire were 0.90 and 0.84, respectively. Also, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the entire questionnaire was 0.77. Before implementing the educational intervention, the self-care questionnaire was filled out for both groups. The educational program was designed according to the steps used for the HPM. The experimental group and the control group received intervention and usual care, respectively. Patients in both groups were followed up at 3 and 6 months after the educational intervention and the related questionnaire was filled out for them once more. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 22 software, Chi-square tests and repeated-measures ANOVA at the significance level (P The results showed that the perceived self-efficacy was changed significantly over time (P According to the results of this study, it is highly recommended that the Pender’s HPM be used as a model for the improvement of self-efficacy in patients following heart surgery.