A comparative study of thought of Mirza Malkam Khan and Jalal Al-e Ahmad; From modernism toward Iranian-Islamic identity

This study tries to understand the thought of Mirza Malkam Khan and Jalal Al-e Ahmad and compare these two thoughtful about the reforms together.The essence of Mirza Malkam Khan’s idea was struggle with underdevelopment in the light of progress and also "Jalal Al-e Ahmad" considered nativism and return to the Islamic culture as a solution. The problem statements and the solution suggestions of those two thinkers can be explained in theoretic framework “Thomas Springs”. The main research question is why their responses to a same critical issue, underdevelopment, are different. Hypothesis for the question is that due to political-social conditions and different subjective assumptions of Malkam and Al-e Ahmad, in view and discover crisis, each of them has seen different ideal society and reached the contradictory responses.