Investigating the causes and consequences of Russia invasion to the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza in 1330 A.H. / 1912 A.D. according to newfound documents

In 1330 A.H. / 1291 A.H.S., Tsarist Russia invaded the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza. The invasive act was an open and intentional violation of the rights and religious sentiments of Iranian people and had a lot of political, social and economic consequences. The study is to answer the following questions.Why did not the central government prevent the chaos? How much was the damage to the Holy Shrine? What was Russia’s aim of causing this crisis? According to the findings of the study, the central government’s weakness against Russians, the conspiracy of the governor and the police chief in Mashhad and the custodian of Astan with Russians were the major factors that made the government not to prevent the tragedy. The aim of Russia in the matter of causing this chaos was to reveal the weakness of the local governor and the central government in restoring order and security, causing fear and intimidation in order for constitutionalists to retreat and overthrowing the constitutional system through the chaos. The damages included: loss of some property in the Shrine, destruction of the Shrine and also casualties and injuries inflicted upon innocent people. The research method here is library method by using documents and comparing and analyzing the available sources especially the primary sources.Most of the documents used in this article belongs the Archives and Records of documents administration and the history of diplomacy in the ministry of foreign affairs:(estādux) . the aforementioned documents have been extracted from the archives and used for researching purposes for the first time.