A Study of Gabriel Reynold's Ideas Regarding the Guardianship over Mary in the Quran

Orientalists believing in the influences of Christianity on the early Islam can be divided into various groups, some of whom believe in the influence of Apocryphal Gospels, specifically Infancy Gospels. Stating that the Quran should be understood in terms of the Biblical literature, Gabriel Reynolds explains the Quranic verses dealing with the birth, childhood and guardianship over Mary (“Āl-i ʿimrān”: 35-44) in the light of an Infancy Gospel known as Protevangelium of James. Some criticisms can be directed to these explanations, which reveal how Reynolds ignored some portions of Bible.