Studying the Syntactic Role of " Present" in the Ancient and Modern Translations of the Qur an

Research on the translation of the Qur’an has a short history. Some researchers have dealt with this important task by careful study of the subtleties of various syntactic structures of the Qur’an and its comparison with Persian language patterns. The present research is intended to study and critique the Persian equivalents that the ancient and Modern Persian translators have selected for applying the syntactic role in the Qur’an; the diacritical marks that according to the sources’ statistics over 700 instances of their application have been seen in the Qur’an. Given the intricacy and relative subtlety of this pivotal role in some verses of the Qur’an, the study of “present” and the critique of the translators’ attempts in finding equivalent for instances of the application of this syntactic role in the Qur’an has led to interesting results. In this article, the important and controversial instances of the application of this role in the Qur’an have been mentioned according to the extant sources. Then, the selected equivalents of the selected translators for these instances have been extracted and examined and further on the Persian equivalent in question has been evaluated and critiqued with respect to the patterns of the translation of “present”. In conclusion, besides elucidation of the differences between the grammarians and translators in determining the syntactic structure of “present” in the Qur’anic phrases, the degree of each translator’s awareness and loyalty to the Arabic syntax and the Persian grammar has as far as possible been clarified.