The Effect of Endogenous Reaction of Monetary Authorities to an Oil Shock on Internal and External Sectors in an Oil Exporting Country: The Case of Iran

The way monetary authorities conduct policy has important implication for reducing the adverse effect of oil shocks on internal and external sectors of an oil exporting country. The change in money supply resulted from an oil shock, requires an endogenous reaction of monetary authorities. In other words, monetary authorities can conduct an active or passive policy in response to oil price changes. In the case of active policy, they should conduct a contractionary monetary policy when there is positive increase in oil price. This active policy can be either unanticipated or anticipated. The main goal of this paper is to develop and solve a New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model for an open economy in order to study the effect of monetary authorities’ reaction to oil shock on external and internal sectors of Iran as an oil exporting country. The calibration results show that the effect of a positive oil shock on inflation is higher in the case of anticipated monetary policy compared with the case when the monetary policy is unanticipated. However, we find out that the effect of oil shock on output and investment is independent of way the monetary policy is conducted. Moreover, positive oil shock decreases the ratio of non-oil trade balanced to GDP but increases the ratio of trade balanced to GDP. These effects are intensified when monetary policy is anticipated. This shows that the way that monetary authority reacts to an oil shock affects inflation and the ratio of trade balance to GDP.