A Study and Classification of the Proverbs in Kalidar Volumes 3 and 4

Proverbs are among the rhetorical tools like allusions, allegories, and anecdotes giving the Persian language its richness. Employing these language structures is more prevalent among the public than other classes of the society. Its experimental origins, oral means of transfer, ease of teaching, brevity (few words with a lot of meanings) can be some of the reasons for these tools to grab the public’s attention. In a rural environment, as found in the novel Kalidar, using proverbs and other tools used by the public are considered natural language and the characters do not display artifice when employing this powerful language ability. In the introduction to this study, the writer has tried to define the proverb and point out its connections to the language used in Kalidar and then categorize the proverbs extracted from these two volumes according to factors such as inventiveness, structure, meaning and intention, tone, and root to show the variety of proverbs used in Kalidar.