Comparative Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Two Iranian Endodontic Cements and MTA on Human Gingival Fibroblasts in Vitro

Biocompatibility of dental materials is one of the most important features that should be studied. The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of two new endodontic cements and MTA on human gingival fibroblasts.
In this experimental study, CAAC (calcium aluminate α-aluminate cement), WOLCA (a mixture of wollastonite and CAAC) and MTA were prepared at concentrations of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 gr/mL. C165 fibroblasts were added to the culture medium and the cements at concentrations above were added. Cell survival was measured at 24-hour, 48-hour and 7-day intervals. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of cements, the cells were stained with trypan blue solution and viable cells were counted. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05).
The control group (with no cement added) exhibited the highest optical density. MTA exhibited higher optical density compared to the two other cements at all the concentrations and at all the time intervals.
Both new cements exhibited acceptable cytotoxicity at low concentrations. The results of trypan blue staining showed that the cytotoxicity of CAAC cement at the lowest concentration was not significantly different from that of MTA.