Evaluation and risk assessment of BTEX in parking area of Imam Reze Shrine

1. During the past fifty years’ air pollution impacts has been proven to the scientific and medical societies. The air human inhales continuously are significant to his health regardless of race, location and level of health. Children, elders and cardiovascular and pulmonary patients are the most sensible ones compared to the others. But healthy adults could be also damaged by destructive effects of contaminated air while acting at low quality atmosphere.
2. Methodology Study area
The Shrine’s parking area is included of four sub-areas that nine evaluation stations are installed in them and one station is installed in the outside air to determine the quality differences of inner and outer air. Sampling Method Sampling is accomplished for three times in fall and spring employing Carbon sorbent tube method and Chromatography. Before sampling in the initial step method validation, method optimization and preparation of standard solution was done in the Lab which took about two months. According to utilized method a sorbent tube of SKC Company is installed at the crossing path of the air to the sampling pump while the mass flow of air is low. Then using digital calibrator, the sampling pump is aligned to the mass flow of 100 ml per minute. Afterwards the sampling procedure would be accomplished for five hours in which 30 liters of air would be collected for each station. During installing and sampling the mass flow of the pump was aligned by Rotameter calibrated by another flow meter that its calibration plot was accessible for different times. The sorbent tube is installed vertical in the area of the staff inhalation. To determine CDI proposed equation by RAIS are employed. These equations consider human inhalation exposed to each of pollutants separately. Noncarcinogenic impacts of the pollutants are calculated by eq (1).
3. Evaluation of cancer risk: In the issue of carcinogenic impacts, the minimum contacts to carcinogenic pollutants could be resulted in cancer. Using Table 1 cancer CDI of cancer risk unit is calculated. According to Table 3-6 the maximum risk exists in stations six, nine and four respectively and the minimum risk exists for stations one and ten. The total risk for station six depicts that probable hazard of cancer is 176 per 1000000 people.
4. Concentration of pollutants in fall is greater than concentration of pollutants in spring. Noncarcinogenic CDI in all stations except station one and station ten is upper than one which conclude adverse effects on staff of the parking area. The maximum cancer risk is 176 per 1000000 people at the sixth station. Benzene plays the most significant role in both CDI and risk index.
5. Recommendations
Due to high concentration of pollutants in the most stations appropriate air conditioning system could solve the problem significantly. In other way protective masks and changing place of parking staff to the other parts are recommended