Bacterial Biofilms

Microbial biofilm are a structure of the microbial community that are found attached to living or non-living surfaces. These three-dimensional structures are always enclosed within a complex matrix. Biofilm formation is observed in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In fact, one of the main mechanisms of survival of bacteria in different environments is the use of biofilm production and living in it. Their formation takes place in several different stages, during which the bacteria form a planktonic and free form in the environment, converted to form on the surface and fixed. In the course of this event, bacteria produce and secrete protein-centered compounds that virtually isolate their community against environmental conditions. This matrix also has the ability to absorb other microbes in the environment and in its vicinity. The widespread effects of biofilm production on the health and life of humans are caused. A high percentage of chronic infectious diseases is due to the biofilm potential of bacteria. It is also considered as one of the main challenges facing medical science due to the specific conditions prevailing in the biofilm environment and the use of antibiotics against it.