The Effect of Diet Based on Body Mass Index on Pregnancy Outcomes in 20 - 35 Year Old Pregnant Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Referred to Arash Hospital

Gestational diabetes can leads to macrosomy, fetal abnormalities, increase prevalence of hypertension, increasing unreasonable morality. Diet plays a very important role in the consequences of pregnancy in these patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of diet based on body mass index (BMI) on pregnancy outcomes in diabetic pregnant 20-35 year old women referring to Arash hospital.
In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, 70 diabetic pregnant women 20-35 year old were divided in two groups as case and control. Control group was on diet with 30 kilo calorie per kilogram energy without consideration BMI. In this way, The case group, with BMI 19-24.9 got 30 kilo calorie per kilogram energy and with BMI 25-29.9 got 25 kilo calorie per kilogram energy. SPSS version 23 software was used for analyzing and (P There was no significant difference between case and control group about mean of increasing weight end of pregnancy (p=0.3), The birth weight (p=0.05), Insulin requirement (p=0.7), macrosomia (p=0.2), hypertension (p=0.1), intra uterine growth retardation (p=0.3), gestational age in delivery (p=0.3), infant blood calcium (p=0.3) but infant blood sugar in case group was less than control group significantly (p=0.01).
Calorie restriction based on BMI in case group compared to control group was not effective about more pregnancy outcomes such as average weight gain at the end of pregnancy, Insulin requirement, weight of newborns at birth, macrosomia baby birth, Having high blood pressure, intra uterine growth retardation, gestational age in delivery, infant blood calcium. but infant blood sugar in case group was less than control group significantly.